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tungsteninvestingnews.com
The heavy mineral tungsten was discovered in 18th century Sweden and has since been applied to everything from shaping metals and alloys to lighting filaments. In 1781, Carl Wilhelm Scheele published the results of an extremely dense mineral that had been dubbed “tungsten,” which translates to “heavy stone” in Swedish. In his study, he found that the mineral contained lime and an unknown acid. A professor at Uppsalada University in Sweden, Torbern Bergman, suggested that reducing the acid could produce a new metal. Two years later, in Spain, Bergman and his student Juan José de D’Elhuyar heated the same mineral with charcoal, reducing the acid and producing what we know today as tungsten, though de D’Elhuyar called it “volfram”. Today, though the metal still is commonly referred to as tungsten, it is represented by a “W” on the periodic table in reference to volfram, or “wolfram.” Tungsten is mined all over the world, though China leads the way in production with an output of 68,000 tonnes in 2014. This production number makes those that follow look tiny in comparison, with Russia coming in second at 3,600 tonnes, followed by Canada at 2,200 tonnes. Deposits can be found near orogenic belts — or areas where tectonic plates have collided to form mountains. These belts run through the Far East, the Asiatic part of Russia, the east coast of Australia, the Alpine belt, as well as the Rocky and the Andes mountains. The supply of tungsten to be mined is extremely high, however much of it is not easily accessible. Therefore, the long-term view of tungsten prices is the main factor in whether or not the mineral will be economically viable. Additionally, fluctuating price differentials between concentrate and upgraded products as well as government restrictions affect the market prices. Another issue related to tungsten in mining is that a good portion of it can be found in war-stricken countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo. Because of the dangerous conditions there, minerals mined in the DRC and surrounding countries are dubbed “conflict minerals” or “blood metals.” Organizations around the world have been trying to fight the use of minerals from these areas, which include tungsten, tin, tantalum and gold and certain governments have attempted to put policies in place to regulate the use of them, including the US and the UK. The applications of tungsten are extremely varied, and the hardness of the mineral makes it valuable for shaping everything from metals to plastics and ceramics. About two-thirds of tungsten is used for cemented carbide and other construction and chemical applications. However, it is also used for everyday purposes like the vibration alert in cell phones, light bulb filaments, solar panels and window heating.
lifescienceinvestingnews.com
Within the universe of investment options available to those trying to grow their hard-earned cash, there is perhaps no more compelling investment thesis than the science of life. Life sciences is a term that is broadly defined as any branch of science — for instance, biology, medicine or ecology — that studies the organization of living organisms, their relationships to each other and the environment. The sector is generally divided into pharmaceutical companies, which focus on chemistry and small molecules, and biotechnology companies, which use living organisms or their derivatives to make products for specific healthcare uses. There are also companies that focus on diagnostic testing and firms that make medical devices that manage pain and check for irregularities in bodily functions. Over the years, as medical science and other technologies, like computing power, have advanced, the industry has morphed into a sector containing hundreds of companies, some of which have market capitalizations well over $50 billion. With healthcare eating up an ever-greater proportion of government budgets — last year, health expenditures represented close to a quarter (23 percent) of government spending in the United States — and the western world’s reliance on pharmaceutical drugs unlikely to abate, investing in health-related companies is a solid investment strategy. While the life sciences sector is not immune to the vagaries of stock markets and macroenomic trends such as inflation and economic growth, recent numbers show that it has done quite well in the face of some challenging economic headwinds. The Wall Street Journal reported that healthcare mutual funds “gained 19.7% on average in the 12 months through Nov. 15, [2012], and are up 12.6% each year over the past three years,” according to investment-research firm Morningstar. By comparison, the S&P 500 (INDEXSP:.INX) stock index gained 10.1 percent during the same period. The sector is also considered a safe haven due to baby boomers — a large and growing market segment whose consumption of pharmaceuticals and need for an endless array of healthcare services is only going to get more pressing. Harry Dent, bestselling author and financial forecaster, said this month that he sees life sciences as a good place for investors to be, particularly due to continuing economic uncertainty. “If I am right, and stocks crash again in late 2014 or early 2015, I want to buy in the healthcare sector in the U.S. and Europe, especially the most leveraged areas: biotech, medical devices and pharmaceuticals. The baby boomers will continue spending on healthcare and healthcare products, even as budgets get crimped by entitlement reductions,” he noted. Small-pharma, cancer treatment are investment targets John McCamant is the editor of the Medical Technology Stock Letter, an established source for stock recommendations and news about medical technology companies. McCamant believes that from an investor point of view, pharmaceutical companies carry the best chance of high returns considering their potential for developing cures for intractable diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Companies that succeed in finding cures can develop drugs whose patient costs run up to $100,000 a year; while that is a heavy burden to pass onto a patient, it translates into huge profits for the corporations that manufacture such drugs. Investors who get into these stocks early enough can see returns in excess of 10 times their original investment. However, there are risks, an important one being side effects from drugs. For example, those associated with chemotherapy can make the treatment unworthy of the payoff. McCamant equates it to the stock market in terms of risk versus reward. “It’s risk versus benefit or greed versus reward,” he said in an interview with Life Science Investing News. “How much effect am I having on the patient versus the side effects?” McCamant also noted that unlike the resource or tech sectors, where there is normally a stark division between academia and business, in pharmaceuticals the line is blurred, with about half of new drugs coming out of universities. That means that investors interested in life sciences should keep their ears to the ground on discoveries made at medical schools or associated institutes. “They often start off with some interesting science and then the companies form and start creating different molecules to go after the technology they own,” he said, adding that drug company CEOs often start out as academics or scientists. “The technology has shoes — often the guys will start off at universities and move into commercial.” Cancer treatment is an area that McCamant sees as an important area for life sciences investors to consider. He pointed to the high-profile case of NHL hockey star Mario Lemieux, who in 1993 was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphona and was forced to miss games while undergoing aggressive radiation treatments. The Pittsburgh Penguins forward was prescribed the cancer drug Rituxan and within two months was back on the ice, his cancer in remission. Rituxan, manufactured by Genentech, is now one of the world’s largest selling drugs, thanks in part to the publicity generated from the Mario Lemieux story. “That’s where we get excited is that when you get to the actual cause of disease and maybe you can create a cure and and get close, you’re certainly going to get better treatments and fewer side effects,” McCamant said. Number one rule for investors: look at management But given that literally hundreds of companies are conducting research and studies into potential cures, how does an investor separate the wheat from the chaff? McCamant recommended that investors do their homework, and most importantly, look at the management behind life sciences companies. Very often, the people running these companies need to come with a diverse set of skills in order to understand the complex science behind the treatments and to communicate that understanding to an investor audience. “These are some of the hardest companies in the world to run in terms of the level of complexity,” said McCamant. “You’ve got to be able to interact with your own scientists, the FDA are very detailed and they also need to know and understand the science, and if you’re public you need to deal with Wall Street. You also need to potentially do partnerships with large and small companies.” Those that do well are the ones that best manage expectations, he noted. Another common mistake: “don’t rush into an investment and make sure you know what you’re getting into on multiple levels.” McCamant pointed out that investors need to be aware of the phases that most life sciences companies go through as they advance from initial drug testing to human clinical trials, to eventual commercialization. Timing it right can result in every investor’s dream of a 10 bagger. Mistime it and your gains could quickly turn to losses, especially if the company has poor testing data or runs afoul of the FDA, whose job is to protect the public. And like other sectors, it’s important to watch out for red flags such as overdilution, or what McCamant describes as “monsters,” such as Obamacare, which resulted in the whole sector trading off. Those who persevere, however, may not only be rewarded with handsome returns, but can also sleep well at night, secure in the knowledge that their investment is actually helping to change people’s lives in a positive way. “We’re making a difference at the end of the day, it’s not trivial in any form,” McCamant said.
diamondinvestingnews.com
Buying diamond jewelry is a common practise, but buying diamonds and trying to turn a profit isn’t an endeavor most investors undertake. That’s largely because diamond investing is a little bit tricky, especially for those used to investing in precious or base metals, whose prices move more predictably. For one thing, unlike metals like gold and silver, diamonds are valued subjectively; there is no simple cost-per-ounce valuation system for them, so investors can be left wondering whether different appraisers will assign their diamond the same value. Colored diamonds, which are rising in popularity, only complicate that issue. Connected to valuation is the problem of selling a diamond. Most diamonds are sold through retail stores at very high profit margins — in other words, an investor looking to profit from selling a diamond necklace or other jewelry would like suffer an enormous loss. Those issues dissuade many investors from getting involved in the diamond space, but they are by no means unsolvable. Generally the trap market participants fall into is thinking that every diamond can be considered an investment; however, as industry experts have pointed out, that’s simply not true. So what types of diamonds are considered investment quality? Interestingly, most white diamonds do not fall into that category. That’s because about 98 percent of all diamonds are of the white variety, meaning they are not that rare. Essentially, while some can be a valuable investment, to do so they must be amongst the largest and highest quality. Many involved in the diamond space are instead looking to opportunities in the colored diamond space. Only around 2 percent of all diamonds are colored, meaning that they are very rare. Colored diamonds come in a myriad of colors, with red and blue being among the rarest and most pricy. Yellow diamonds fall on the more affordable end of the spectrum, and brown diamonds are cheaper still. For investors looking for an entry point to the diamond market, they may be options to consider. All that said, buying physical diamonds is by no means the only way to gain a foothold in the diamond market. Investing in diamond stocks is also a possibility, though doing so requires some careful thinking. That’s because diamond exploration is costly compared to exploration for other resources, and in today’s tough markets companies are receiving little funding. In terms of pricing, diamonds did not fare very well in the first half of 2015. However, hope remains amongst industry experts. John Kaiser of Kaiser Research said recently that he’s looking longer term for improvement, noting, “long term, if you’re optimistic about global GDP growth and believe that, say, 2020 and beyond India is going to finally get traction and start to imitate what China accomplished in the last 15 years, you’re going to see again expanding wealth and prosperity in the world.”
ironinvestingnews.com
Iron is one of the most abundant elements on earth and is found in rocks and minerals in a variety of forms including magnetite, hematite, geothite, limonite and siderite. It is key in the construction of machinery, tools, automobiles, ships, buildings, etc., due to its strength and low cost. Because pure iron is very soft, it is most commonly used in the production of steel. Metallic iron is extracted from iron ore and its properties can be modified by alloying it with carbon and various other metals to create steels. Unlike most commodities, the majority of iron ore trades under contracts in which major counterparties negotiate annual changes in prices. Vale (NYSE:VALE), the world’s largest iron ore miner, along with the other industry giants Rio Tinto (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO), BHP Billiton (ASX:BHP,NYSE:BHP,LSE:BLT) and Australia’s Fortescue Metals Group (ASX:FMG) currently dominate the seaborne iron ore market and often set the price for the entire industry when they negotiate large supply contracts. These four companies have been flooding the market and attempting to push higher-cost producers out as they all continue to ramp up production despite the detrimental affects it has had on the iron ore price. This oversupply pared with the lower-than-expected in demand from the Chinese steel industry has made things quite difficult for the industry to say the least and has put major downward pressure on the price. China, which is not only the top iron-producing country, but also the largest consumer of the metal, has had a difficult time as many of its mines operate at a higher cost than the spot price has been for some time now. Despite that, its production, which hit1,5000 million tonnes in 2014, is expected to remain strong in coming years. Because of the lackluster price, keeping operating costs down is the key for miners in the space which can be difficult considering the capital investment that goes into a commercial iron ore mine, such as infrastructure including a railway system and heavy machinery. Why invest in iron? While the iron ore market has been very weak for the past two year, dropping by over 50 percent, there is no doubt that there will always be a demand for steel as it is used heavily in infrastructure, transportation and manufacturing and is necessary for an economy to to remain productive and function. As the population grows, the demand for more steel will likely make a comeback and even out the current supply glut. Of course this equilibrium will also rely on what the big miners do moving forward. In spring of 2015, BHP decided to delay further expansion at Port Hedland, which gave the iron ore price a slight boost and not long after Vale reduced its iron ore production forecast by up to 30 million tonnes over the next two years. While neither caused any major change in the price, it signaled that these industry giants were at the very least attempting to alleviate the glut, while still remaining in a position to dominate the sector.
molyinvestingnews.com
Moly is known for its volatile price activity, and has been known to hit incredible highs and extreme lows — sometimes at the drop of a hat. In fact, in the last couple of decades the moly price has ranged from just under $2 per pound to about $40 per pound. The moly price is currently at the low end of that spectrum following a quiet 2014. Many market watchers, including CPM Group, believe that the metal’s price won’t see much of an uptick until 2016. At that point, factors such as declining by-product moly production and lower Chinese production in general may combine to push the moly price upward. On the demand side, moly consumption by the steel industry could rise on the back of investments in energy infrastructure, growth in the transportation industry and more. Moly is used by the steel industry because it has good tolerance for high-heat and high-stress situations. Indeed, corrosion-resistant stainless steels contain 6 to 7.3 percent moly. That said, the metal is used in chemical applications as well. For example, oil manufacturers use it as a catalyst to remove sulfur from crude. Oil companies also use higher-grade stainless steels containing 13 to 16 percent moly when they need to drill down very deep. The moly included in such steels makes managing tough underground conditions much easier. It’s also worth noting that moly-99, one of moly’s 35 known isotopes, has been gaining attention in recent years. Its delicate supply-demand balance has been thrown out of whack, and that’s a problem because its decay product, technetium-99m, is a key component of nuclear medicine. That branch of medicine uses radiation to diagnose illnesses, and a shortage of technetium-99m could thus cause problems for medical facilities, and of course patients. Some firms are working to resolve the issue, and it will be interesting to see their progress moving forward. In terms of where moly is being produced, the top producer by a long shot is China. In 2014, the Asian nation put out 100,000 tonnes of the metal. Though that’s a drop of 1,000 tonnes from the previous year, it’s miles ahead of the 65,500 tonnes produced by the United States, the world’s second-largest producer of moly. The third-biggest producer of 2014 was Chile, with output of 39,000 tonnes. It might seem odd that China produces so much more moly than every other country in the world, but it’s important to remember that it has a massive industrial sector and is keen to limit its reliance on western mine output. By producing the moly it needs on its own, China is able to both keep the momentum going in its industrial sector and avoid overpaying other countries for the metal. China used to have moly export quotas in place, but they were eliminated in 2015 following a World Trade Organization ruling. The full implications of the nation’s more open moly trading policy remain to be seen
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